Why Is Goldman Afraid of Public Chains?

Olivia Capozzalo & Camila Russo
July 23, 2025

gm, Defiers!

Today’s big story:

As Wall Street embraces public chains, Goldman is using a private one. Why?

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Today’s Big Story

Goldman Sachs Is Tokenizing Funds Like It’s 2018

It’s 2025. BlackRock and Franklin Templeton have tokenized funds live on public chains like Ethereum, Stellar, and Solana. It just became legal for Bank of America and Walmart to issue their own stablecoins. The SEC dropped its lawsuits against Coinbase, Uniswap, and Consensys. Robinhood is launching its own Ethereum Layer 2.

And Goldman Sachs?

In the middle of a Cambrian explosion of real-world assets going on-chain the real way (open, interoperable, composable), Goldman, in partnership with BNY Mellon, is rolling out a closed-door fund on its permissioned GS DAP network.

There is $12B worth of RWAs tokenized on public blockchains. Source: RWAxyz

Here’s what they announced:

Goldman Sachs and BNY Mellon will offer tokenized shares of multiple traditional money market funds, including offerings from Fidelity, Federated Hermes, BlackRock and others. These fund shares will settle on Goldman’s private blockchain (GS DAP), while BNY’s LiquidityDirect platform will handle custody and record keeping. The goal is faster settlement, 24/7 access, and using tokenized MMF shares as collateral.

This would have been huge in 2018.

Back then, any Wall Street experiment involving tokens was headline-worthy. The idea of putting real assets on-chain was novel. Infrastructure was immature. Regulation was unclear. Ethereum was still trying to scale. Institutional grade custody was lacking. So the logic was: let’s play it safe, build in a sandbox and keep it private.

But we’re way past those days.

Compare Goldman’s fund to BlackRock’s BUIDL: a tokenized U.S. Treasury fund mostly running on Ethereum, where investors can earn yield directly on-chain and integrate with the wider DeFi ecosystem. Since launching in early 2024, BUIDL has attracted over $2.4 billion, working with platforms like Securitize and Coinbase for seamless access.

Or Franklin Templeton’s money market fund BENJI, live since 2021, initially on Stellar and Polygon, and now also on Arbitrum, Base, Ethereum, Avalanche, Aptos, and Solana.

Apollo Global, one of the largest private equity managers in the world, launched a tokenized yield fund via Securitize that’s also available on public chains like Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche and Aptos.

These aren’t experiments anymore. They’re functioning products that live in the open and benefit from it.

What Goldman’s Private Chain Leaves on the Table

By choosing a private chain in 2025, Goldman Sachs forgoes the very advantages that have made public blockchains like Ethereum the default infrastructure for tokenized finance.

Composability: BlackRock’s BUIDL fund, tokenized via Securitize, is already being used as collateral on crypto exchanges Crypto[.]com and Deribit. The next step will be for these tokens to be used in DeFi. These integrations allow investors to automatically earn yield, post collateral, or participate in structured products via smart contracts, no custodian needed.
Interoperability: Public blockchains are where users, assets, and capital already live. RWAs on public blockchains can move across dozens of ecosystems, giving access to different sets of users and liquidity.
Global access & 24/7 settlement: Public chains don’t close at 4 p.m. Eastern or on bank holidays. GS DAP might be fast for Goldman’s clients. But it’s not global, not interoperable, and not composable. It’s fast only within the walls that Goldman built.
Developer ecosystem: There are thousands of devs building new financial apps, risk engines, credit layers, and marketplaces on public blockchains. Tokens in closed gardens miss out on that innovation.

Goldman’s decision to tokenize on a private chain is like building a high-speed train that only runs between two buildings on Wall Street. Meanwhile, the rest of the industry is building subways, highways, and airports on open rails, where assets, protocols, and users can freely move and interconnect.

The one real success story in permissioned-chain land is JPMorgan’s Onyx, which processes billions in daily settlement volume through JPM Coin. But even Onyx, which has rebranded to Kinexys, opened up to FX and tokenized asset settlement, and is now connecting to Ondo’s public testnet.

Most other private efforts, like Wells Fargo’s DLT Settlement Network or interbank blockchains from 2018-2019, have been quietly shelved or absorbed into legacy workflows. That’s because the reason to use private chains didn’t scale, since they couldn’t attract open developer ecosystems or liquidity.

The reason to use blockchain technology is for the benefits listed above, which you can only get on public chains. Otherwise, it’s better to use a centralized ledger.

TL;DR: This is lame.

We’re past the “let’s test ‘The Blockchain’ in our own little walled garden” era.

Goldman Sachs is late to the party. Not only that, but it’s dancing with a handful of friends to an iTunes playlist in the coat room. They should just step on the actual dance floor.

With love,

Cami, founder of The Defiant

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